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State of Franklin
The State of Franklin (also the Free Republic of Franklin or the State of Frankland〔Landrum, refers to the proposed state as "the proposed republic of Franklin; while Wheeler has it as ''Frankland''." In ''That's Not in My American History Book'', Thomas Ayres maintains that the official title was "Free Republic of Franklin"〕) was an unrecognized, autonomous territory located in what is today eastern Tennessee. Franklin was created in 1784 from part of the territory west of the Appalachian Mountains that had been offered by North Carolina as a cession to Congress to help pay off debts related to the American War for Independence. It was founded with the intent of becoming the fourteenth state of the new United States.
Franklin's first capital was Jonesborough. After the summer of 1785, the government of Franklin (which was by then based in Greeneville), ruled as a "parallel government" running alongside (but not harmoniously with) a re-established North Carolina bureaucracy. Franklin was never admitted into the union. The ''extra-legal'' state existed for only about four and a half years, ostensibly as a republic, after which North Carolina re-assumed full control of the area.
The creation of Franklin is novel, in that it resulted from both a cession (an offering from North Carolina to Congress) and a secession (seceding from North Carolina, when its offer to Congress was not acted upon, and the original cession was rescinded).
== Concept ==
The concept of a new western state came from Arthur Campbell of Washington County, Virginia and found North Carolina's John Sevier an adherent to such an idea.〔(''Arthur Campbell'' ); Mielnik, Tara Mitchell; article; The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture; accessed October 2015.〕 They believed the Overmountain towns should be admitted to the United States as a separate state. They differed, however, on the details of such a state, although John Sevier (in a letter written in 1782) acknowledged Campbell's leadership on the issue. Campbell's proposed state would have included southwestern Virginia, eastern Tennessee and parts of Kentucky, Georgia, and Alabama. Sevier favored a more limited state, that being the eastern section of the old Washington District which was then part of North Carolina. Although many of the frontiersmen supported the idea, Campbell's calls for the creation of an independent state carved out of parts of Virginia territory caused Virginia Governor Patrick Henry, who opposed a loss of territory for the state, to pass a law which forbade anyone to attempt to create a new state from Virginia.〔 After Virginia stopped Campbell, Sevier and his followers renamed their proposed state Franklin, and sought support for their cause from Benjamin Franklin. The Frankland movement had little success on the Kentucky frontier, as settlers there wanted their own state (which they achieved in 1792).
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